A na-eji ngwaahịa emechara PVC eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche. Nyocha na nyocha nke PVC calcium zinc stabilizers chọrọ ụzọ dị iche iche dabere na arụmọrụ ha. N'ozuzu, e nwere ụzọ abụọ bụ isi: static na dynamic. Usoro static na-agụnye usoro akwụkwọ nyocha ọbara ọbara Congo, ule oven ịka nká, na usoro ike electromotive, ebe usoro dị ike gụnyere ule rheometer torque na ule mpịakọta okpukpu abụọ dị ike.
1. Usoro akwụkwọ nyocha nke Congo Red
Iji mmanụ bat nke nwere glycerol wuru, a na-agwakọta PVC a ga-anwale nke ọma na onye na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ ma tinye ya na obere tube ule. A na-amagharị ihe ahụ ntakịrị iji mee ka ọ sie ike, wee tinye ya na mmanụ mmanụ. A na-edobe okpomọkụ nke glycerol na PVC calcium zinc stabilizer oil bath n'ihu ruo ihe dị ka 170 ℃, nke mere na elu elu nke ihe PVC dị na obere tube ule dị n'ogo na elu nke glycerol. N'elu obere tube ule, a na-etinye plọg nwere obere iko iko, na tube iko na-apụta ìhè site n'elu ruo ala. A na-atụgharị akwụkwọ nyocha ọbara ọbara Congo ma tinye ya n'okpuru tube iko, nke mere na ọnụ ala nke akwụkwọ nyocha ọbara ọbara Congo dị ihe dị ka cm site na nsọtụ elu nke ihe PVC. Mgbe nnwale ahụ gachara, dekọọ oge site na mgbe etinyere eriri uhie Congo na tube ule ruo mgbe ọ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, nke bụ oge nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ. Echiche bụ isi nke nnwale a bụ na PVC ga-emebi ngwa ngwa na okpomọkụ nke ihe dịka 170 ℃, ma n'ihi mgbakwunye nke ihe nkwụnye ọkụ, a na-egbochi ire ere ya. Ka oge na-aga, a ga-eri ihe nkwụnye ọkụ. Mgbe oriri zuru ezu, PVC ga-agbaze ngwa ngwa ma hapụ gas HCl. N'oge a, Congo red reagent na ule tube ga-agbanwe agba n'ihi na ya mfe mmeghachi omume na HCl. Dekọọ oge n'oge a ma kpebie ịdị irè nke ihe nkwụnye ọkụ na-adabere na ogologo oge.
2. Static oven ule
Kwadebe ngwa ngwa agwakọta ihe atụ nke ntụ ntụ PVC na ihe enyemaka ndị ọzọ (dị ka lubricants, mmetụta modifiers, fillers, wdg) na mgbakwunye na PVC calcium zinc stabilizers. Were ụfọdụ ihe nlele dị n'elu, tinye ihe nkwụnye ọkụ dị iche iche na PVC calcium zinc stabilizer n'otu akụkụ, gwakọta nke ọma, wee gbakwunye na ngwakọta osisi abụọ.
A na-eme nkwadebe nke mpempe ule na igwekota na-enweghị agbakwunyere plasticizers. A na-edobe okpomọkụ mpịakọta okpukpu abụọ na 160-180 ℃, na mgbe ị na-agbakwunye plasticizers, mpịakọta okpomọkụ na-adịkarị gburugburu 140 ℃. Site na ịpị ugboro ugboro na osisi abụọ, a na-enweta otu ihe atụ PVC edo edo, na-esote ya na-egbutu iji nweta ihe nlele PVC nke otu nha nwere ihe nkwụnye ọkụ dị iche iche. Debe mpempe ule PVC dị iche iche na ngwaọrụ a kapịrị ọnụ wee tinye ha na oven na-ekpo ọkụ mgbe niile (na-abụkarị 180 ℃). Dekọọ mgbanwe agba nke mpempe ule kwa nkeji iri ma ọ bụ nkeji iri na ise ruo mgbe ha ghọrọ oji.
Site na ule ịka nká nke oven, a pụrụ ikpebi ịdị irè nke ndị na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ na nkwụsi ike nke PVC, karịsịa ikike ha nwere ịkwụsị mgbanwe agba. A na-ekwenyekarị na mgbe PVC na-ekpo ọkụ, agba ga-enwe mgbanwe dị iche iche site na ìhè na ọchịchịrị, gụnyere oji na-acha ọcha na-acha ọcha na-acha aja aja. Enwere ike ikpebi ọnọdụ mmebi site na agba nke PVC n'ime oge ụfọdụ.
3. Usoro ike eletrik (usoro omume)
Ngwa nnwale ahụ nwere akụkụ anọ. Akụkụ aka nri bụ ngwaọrụ gas inert, nke na-ejikarị nitrogen eme ihe, ma mgbe ụfọdụ na-enwekwa ikuku. Ihe dị iche bụ na mgbe ị na-eji nchebe nitrogen, PVC calcium zinc stabilizer nwere ike izere mmebi nke ụdọ nne PVC nke ikuku oxygen na-akpata. Ngwa kpo oku nnwale bụ n'ozuzu mmanụ bat na gburugburu 180 ℃. A na-etinye ngwakọta nke PVC na ndị na-ekpo ọkụ ọkụ n'ime mmanụ bat. Mgbe a na-emepụta gas HCl, ọ ga-abanye na ngwọta NaOH n'akụkụ aka ekpe yana gas inert. NaOH na-amịkọrọ HCl ngwa ngwa, na-eme ka uru pH nke ngwọta gbanwee. Site na ịdekọ mgbanwe mita pH ka oge na-aga, enwere ike ikpebi mmetụta nke ndị na-ekpo ọkụ dị iche iche. Na nsonaazụ nnwale, pH t curve nwetara site na nhazi na-ekewa n'ime oge ntinye na oge uto, na ogologo oge ntinye na-agbanwe na ịdị irè nke okpomọkụ stabilizer.
4. Torque rheometer
The torque rheometer bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị obere obere ngwá ọrụ na-eme ka nhazi nke PVC n'ezie. Enwere igbe nhazi mechiri emechi n'èzí nke ngwá ọrụ ahụ, na okpomọkụ nke igbe nhazi na ọsọ nke rollers abụọ dị n'ime nwere ike ịchịkwa site na kọmputa ejikọrọ na ngwá ọrụ. Ngwunye ihe agbakwunyere na rheometer torque bụ n'ozuzu 60-80 g, nke dịgasị iche dịka ụdị ngwá ọrụ dị iche iche si dị. The ibuo nzọụkwụ ndị dị ka ndị a: kwadebe masterbatch nwere dị iche iche okpomọkụ stabilizers tupu, na isi masterbatch usoro n'ozuzu na-agụnye ACR na mgbakwunye na PVC CPE, CaCO3, TiO, lubricants, wdg The torque rheometer atọrọ ka okpomọkụ n'ọdịnihu. Mgbe ọ ruru okpomọkụ a kapịrị ọnụ na ọsọ ahụ kwụsiri ike, a na-agbakwunye ngwakọta a tụrụ atụ na igbe nhazi, mechie ngwa ngwa, a na-edekọkwa paramita dị iche iche na kọmputa ejikọrọ, nke bụ usoro rheological. Mgbe nhazi, a pụkwara ịnweta ọdịdị ọdịdị dị iche iche nke ihe ndị a na-emepụta ihe, dị ka ọcha, ma ọ na-emepụta, ire ụtọ, wdg. Site n'iji paramita ndị a, enwere ike ikpebi ikike mmepụta ihe nke ihe nkwụnye ọkụ kwekọrọ. Onye na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ kwesịrị ekwesị kwesịrị inwe oge torque na plasticization kwesịrị ekwesị, na ngwaahịa ahụ kwesịrị ịmepụta nke ọma na akwa ọcha na elu dị larịị. The torque rheometer wuru a adaba àkwà mmiri n'etiti laabu nnyocha na ulo oru nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ mmepụta.
5. Dynamic abụọ mpịakọta ule
Dị ka ụdị nke inyeaka usoro maka dynamically tụọ mmetụta nke okpomọkụ stabilizers, ike okpukpu abụọ rollers na-eji na-anọghị a rheometer, na a abụọ rola mbadamba nkume ịpị ngwá na-ahọrọ na nnwale. Tinye ntụ ntụ agwakọta dị elu n'ime ya wee pịa ya ka ọ bụrụ ọdịdị. Wepụ ihe nlele enwetara ugboro ugboro. Ruo mgbe mpempe ule ga-agba oji, dekọọ oge ọ na-ewe ka ọ gbanwee kpamkpam oji, nke a na-akpọ oge ịgba oji. Iji chọpụta mmetụta nkwụsi ike nke okpomọkụ dị iche iche dị iche iche na-ekpo ọkụ na PVC site na iji tụnyere oge nke blackening.
Oge nzipu: Jun-20-2024
